Problems in ethics codes of TV, Radio and Newspapers Essay Example

Issues in morals codes of TV, Radio and Newspapers Essay The basic structure of editorial morals that is being embraced by radio, TV and paper affiliations is a reasonable and adjusted one. Having said as much, sticking to such rules are not without challenges. The remainder of this paper will attempt to exhibit why these moral rules are hard to execute in a media environment ruled by private and political force. One of the essential premises under which all writers order their reports is the reality checking part of their data. As it were, trying the precision of the data being accounted for and taking endeavors to ensure that no mix-up is brought about because of oversight. Truly be that as it may, there are fundamental difficulties to hold fast to this rule. Given that the greater part of the media inclusion rotates around data discharged by government spokespersons, the veracity of the data given can't be effectively confirmed. For a certain something, it is verifiably acknowledged that any message from government sources is a bona fide and exact one. To address or suspect chosen delegates and specialists isn't normal to numerous writers. Henceforth, there are functional troubles in executing this specific code of editorial ethic. We will compose a custom paper test on Problems in morals codes of TV, Radio and Newspapers explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Problems in morals codes of TV, Radio and Newspapers explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Problems in morals codes of TV, Radio and Newspapers explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Further in the code of morals one discovers notice of isolating the two unmistakable elements of news media, specifically article suppositions and authentic news reports. The previous is a territory of abstract judgment and sentiment while the last should be objective and genuine. While this polarity is progressively pertinent to the print media, it is likewise appropriate to the radio and TV news media also. Keeping up this dichotomous division is actually quite difficult. What one finds as a general rule however is the engraving of the publication arrangements on the way toward choosing stories to report. A genuine report isn't all by itself an impartial and target one. Article pressures for the most part choose which stories are picked and which are left. Consequently, under the obvious mask of objectivity and factuality there can be an ideological pushed, which can serve against the interests of the regular purchaser of the specific news media, be it radio, TV or newsprint. Another region of accord that columnists from different mediums have settled upon is in the reasonable selection of realities and photos that is distributed or appeared in their reports. This code was acknowledged in light of the fact that obtrusive truth can here and there affront or hurt the suppositions of specific networks. Be that as it may, the other side of this contention is the unobtrusive â€Å"censorship† that this subjects writers to. An ongoing a valid example is the order from the legislature of the United States to all communicating houses to not distribute or show pictures of final resting places of dead officers being moved back home. The reason was that such a showcase would influence the assurance and certainty of the relatives and other individual fighters by and by in Iraq. However, the dismal certainty is that the greater part of the American open doesn't have an away from of the quantity of American losses in war because of this arrangement. While this a rticle dutifulness succeeded in keeping the psyches of relatives of the marines less miserable, it unintentionally misshaped the truth of the progressing war. At long last, reality ought to be advanced to people in general for viable working of majority rule government. Consequently the code of ethic for this situation is incendiary to law based standards. The relationship of columnists has vowed to act autonomously, without taking requests from the people pulling the strings. While hypothetically this is a sound moral angle, it only here and there converts into quality reporting. The truth is a large portion of the prevailing press associations are reliant on promoters, be it radio, TV or papers for their income. In this unique situation, reports and investigation that are ill-disposed to advancing commercialization will never be satisfactory for the business network. Thus, the news-casting will definitely endure. The main method of moderating these requirements on quality news coverage, one would assume, is to advance supporter bolstered news media instead of a publicist upheld one. Things are as of now turning upward in such manner. Elective radio stations are as of now on the ascent; and it is just a short time before TV and papers find it. This would upset the manner in which news is seen and expended. Be that as it may, till at t hat point, the deficiencies intrinsic in the current media arrangement will obstruct all endeavors toward moral reporting. Responsibility is another key precept that is a piece of the code of morals. Being responsible to the watchers, audience members, and so forth has been stressed as a center uprightness for veritable news-casting. Be that as it may, shockingly, even in a nation as politically progressed as the United States, the authoritative system of media activities isn't sufficiently complex. In a genuine equitable arrangement one would expect that the laws more for everyone instead of the business interests. Be that as it may, the laws set up are basically the ones that offer insurance to the media combinations and to a degree make them not at risk for their editorial deviations. Henceforth, such an air doesn't drive media houses to advance moral news-casting. At last, remembering the developing wonder of covert editorial tasks, the assemblage of columnists has attempted to stem this tide through the selection of standards against this type of news gathering. In any case, this promise to check covert reporting comes when newspaper and paparazzi bolstered news gathering has gotten wild in the predominant press scene. While the moral position of the writers in such manner may be a sincere one, it is an exceptionally provoking recommendation to stop tattle mongering and paparazzi capturing of superstars and other feature creators. It is additionally a recognized actuality that the general nature of prevailing press, be it electronic or print, has seen decay in the post Second World War period. Henceforth, executing the code of morals will be an extremely intense if not an outlandish undertaking for the good natured columnists. The main manner by which some obvious improvement can happen is if the code of morals is paid attention to the proprietors of media associations. As it were, the activity for moral news communicate must be a top-down one instead of a base up exertion. In this lays the main trust in the restoration of the respectable custom that is related with news-casting. Reference index: Simon Dumencio, The Media Guy; Revealed: My morals strategy (and Brangelina quota).(MediaWorks).. Promoting Age 76.26 (June 27, 2005): p46. THE PERP WALK; Watching administrators climb the town hall steps turned into an observer sport in 2002.Business Week 3815 (Jan 13, 2003): p86. Enduring an onslaught; These executives, as well, are entangled in a scope of investigations.Business Week 3815 (Jan 13, 2003): p87. MATTHEW GRIMM, False consciousness.(ethics of promoting, media organizations). Brandweek 42.25 (June 18, 2001): p30. Here is the news.(mass media ethics).Michael Bugeja. The Ecologist 37.7 (Sept 2007): p18-19. Media Ethics and Accountability Systems, (Book Reviews)., Marion Pinsdorf. Advertising Review 28.1 (Feb 2002): p132(2). Article: Enforcement key to morals protocol.(World PR Festival and morals U.K.).PR Week (UK) (June 27, 2003): p08.

At-Risk Students free essay sample

Recorded review of instruction of financially distraught kids in U.S. Definition, changing social legitimate perspectives, progressivism. Assessment of patterns in training and understudy practices, best practices and different parts of instruction and educational plan advancement are indispensable to the accomplishment of understudies in the in danger populace. There are many negative results related with understudies who are esteemed in danger. Huge numbers of these understudies are bound to encounter negative results because of their status than understudies who are in any case considered common with respect to the homeroom setting. The segment beneath will investigate the patterns, issues, best practices and different issues identified with teaching in danger understudies including instructional techniques. There are numerous issues in question for in danger understudies, the most measurably pertinent of which is understudy drop out rates, which measurements recommend are roughly 30 percent for in danger understudies (Druian Butler, 2001). The drop at rates for understudies containing the in danger populace are a lot higher than the rates for different understudies. We will compose a custom article test on At-Risk Students or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The measurement is disturbing, and recommends that in danger understudies are not getting the help they need so as to exceed expectations and discover fulfillment in the study hall condition. Discoveries additionally propose that there isn't as of now a significant meaning of what in danger understudies are or why the quantity of in danger understudies dropping out is expanding, anyway there is proof to recommend that society will bear the monetary weight for teaching and supporting in danger understudies later on (Druian Butler, 2001; Levin 1986). This recommends the in danger populace is likely extremely various in nature and contained understudies from incalculable foundations and conditions.

Motivational Quotes about Social Anxiety

Motivational Quotes about Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Motivational Quotes for Social Anxiety A list of quotes to help inspire and motivate you By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 04, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 17, 2017 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Joerg Steffens/OJO Images/Getty Images If youre struggling to overcome social anxiety disorder (SAD), it can sometimes seem like the road is all uphill. Whether youre receiving treatment for SAD or trying to overcome mild social anxiety through self-help strategies, the following inspirational quotes may help to keep you on track. Try picking your favorites, writing them down or printing them, and putting them where you can see them often. Though no one can go back and make a brand new start, anyone can start from now and make a brand new ending. ~Attributed to Carl Bard   Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind dont matter and those who matter dont mind. ~Dr. Seuss   Whether you think you can or think you cantâ€" you are right. ~Henry Ford   The best way to gain self-confidence is to do what you are afraid to do. ~Author Unknown   We acquire the strength we have overcome. ~Ralph Waldo Emerson   We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, therefore, is not an act but a habit.  ~Aristotle   If you can find a path with no obstacles, it probably doesnt lead anywhere. ~Frank A. Clark   Everybody ought to do at least two things each day that he hates to do, just for practice. ~William James   No one can make you feel inferior without your consent. ~Eleanor Roosevelt   Fall seven times, stand up eight. ~Japanese Proverb   Our greatest glory is not in never failing, but in rising up every time we fail. ~Ralph Waldo Emerson   Finish each day and be done with it. You have done what you could; some blunders and absurdities have crept in; forget them as soon as you can. Tomorrow is a new day; you shall begin it serenely and with too high a spirit to be encumbered with your old nonsense. ~Ralph Waldo Emerson   You miss 100 percent of the shots you dont take. ~Wayne Gretzky   The journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. ~Lao Tzu   Success is the sum of small efforts, repeated day in and day out. ~Robert Collier   Believe in yourself! Have faith in your abilities! Without a humble but reasonable confidence in your own  powers, you cannot be successful or happy. ~Norman Vincent Peale   Even if you fall on your face, youre still moving forward. ~Victor Kiam   I dont believe you have to be better than everybody else. I believe you have to be better than you ever thought you could be. ~Ken Venturi   Learn from the past, set vivid, detailed goals for the future, and live in the only moment of time over which you have any control: now. ~Denis Waitley   The secret of getting ahead is getting started. ~Agatha Christie   What you get by achieving your goals is not as important as what you become by achieving your goals. ?~Henry David Thoreau   What you do today can improve all your tomorrows. ~Ralph Marston   Fear is static that prevents me from hearing myself.  ~Samuel Butler   When you reach the end of your rope, tie a knot in it and hang on. ~Thomas Jefferson   You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream. ~C.S. Lewis

An Introduction to Trial Advocacy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1576 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Introduction to trial advocacy The history of trial advocacy cannot be correctly elucidated without a good understanding of trial advocacy. Formalists like Terence F McCarthy believe that trial advocacy entails the mechanism by which advocates become effective in trial proceedings.[1] They essentially limit the conception of trial advocacy to the formal teaching of courtroom forensics.[2] Yet on the other hand there are those who adopt a wider comprehension of trial advocacy to entail the daily skills of legal practice including the means of acquiring them. Trial advocacy as explained by Jeffrey S Wolfe covers not only the skills demanded of a lawyer in a courtroom but also the means of acquiring those skills, since ultimately those means contribute to the effectiveness of the advocate in the court.[3] Development of trial advocacy from the adversarial justice system Trial advocacy traces its roots from the confrontational adversarial justice system where advocates were expected to defend their clients zealously with utmost devotion and tactic.[4] Initially, defendants were not allowed to be represented by advocates in court. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Introduction to Trial Advocacy" essay for you Create order The adversarial system was introduced through section 1 of the Treason Trials Act 1696 where persons accused of treason were allowed limited legal representation.[5] Although there was no formal legislation allowing legal representation other than in treason trials, courts nevertheless allowed advocates to represent clients in court, hence the beginning of informal trial advocacy. At the same time, self representation quickly weakened because of the costs, technicalities and lack of legal knowledge. Thus, trial advocacy started to grow as a profession but the respect and economic prospects of a practitioner was pegged on his effectiveness to win trials in courts. To regulate the surging trial advocacy, White Clock in 1648 (then Law commissioner) laid down three main duties of trial advocates: fidelity, secrecy, and diligence to their clients. To illustrate these duties, Stephan Landsman depicted William Garrow as the advocate who quite justifiably defended clients à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦with zeal and vigor, and used brutal and nasty tactics to advance a clients cause.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [6] Perhaps a better illustration of the then practice of trial advocacy is put by Henry Brougham in his narration that an à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“advocate had a sole duty to defend his client by all means, hazards and costs without regarding the anguish or devastation so caused to other persons, the society or even the stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [7] In 1836, the Prisonersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Counsel Act was enacted which formalized legal representation, hence underscoring the need for trial advocates. It is safe to conclude that trial advocacy at that time was inconsiderate to the advocates duties to the administration of justice. Sadly, several court decisions accepted this system of trial advocacy.[8] The rise of criticisms against trial advocacy Not so long after formal adoption of trial advocacy, several criticisms were raised and the role of trial advocates wa s doubted. George Sharwood for instance began by attacking the logic of Lord Brougham, stating that it is ethically wrong for a trial advocate to defend a clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s wrongful or immoral conduct-a view he shared with David Hoffman in his Fifty Resolutions in Regard to Professional Development.[9] Sharwood and Hoffman also influentially argued that the foremost concern of any advocate should be his duty to the court. They noted that trial advocates are officers of the court and their main concern should be to administer justice. In a similar vein, Lord Cockburn explained that trial advocates should endeavour to reconcile their multiple duties towards the client and the court but where such balance is too delicate to strike then the latter should prevail.[10] Another criticism raised was that nascent trial advocates were not only unethical but also incompetent and ineffective in trial advocacy. Several reasons for these defects were given. Expressing concerns over the growing trial ineffectiveness, Mr. Justice Clark blamed the haphazard trial-and-error learning of the law.[11] Likewise, Professor Tauro was disgusted that trial advocacy had been reduced to a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“hodge-podge of learning experiences lacking overall logic, form, or direction.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [12] He regretted that the system of apprenticeship only served to transfer the errors to young trial attorneys. Further, he dismissed the case method of teaching law arguing that it overly focused on the abilities to think and analyse but with negligible attempt on how to apply the acquired knowledge. From the foregoing, a general consensus emerged that trial advocacy was jumbled with incompetence, unethical practices and confused duties of trial advocates which were founded on the erroneous methods of learning the law. Trial advocacy compelled judges to bear with ineffective trials and the public to consume poor legal services. It is for these reasons that changes in the art of trial advocacy became inevitable. The following part illustrates the modern trends of trial advocacy. Modern trends of trial advocacy Having described the general discontent in trial advocacy, we now turn to some of the key changes made in the United Kingdom. First, the law has been reformed to regulate trial advocacy. The Legal Services Act of 2007 established the Legal Services Board whose task is to ensure that the legal profession conforms to set professional standards of legal practice and that the law is practiced in the public interest with consumer rights at heart.[13] Also, the Solicitors Regulation Authority has enshrined competence standards for trial advocates. It provides for accreditation guidelines, quality assurance, and continuous professional development [14] To discourage the trial-and-error method, law school curriculums now provide practical skills through clinical education, judicial attachments, court simulations, moot courts, among others. Additiona lly, trial advocacy is now a key competence factor for all professional advocates. This has become a course taught in law schools. At the bar, continuous legal education is increasingly adopted. Law firms are now conducting trial advocacy trainings not only to their young attorneys but also as refresher to the seniors. Law Societies also demand that all advocates undertake continuous legal education in order to acquaint themselves with the new trends. [15] Conclusion In this essay, we have defined trial advocacy to entail not only the formal teaching of courtroom forensics but the overall lawyering skills that contribute to effective advocacy in court. We have traced trial advocacy from the development of the adversarial justice system where trial advocates were mainly focused on winning cases no matter the tactic. This led to several criticisms especially the multiple duties of a trial advocate, professional ethics, competence and the method of learning trial advocacy skil ls. As a result of these criticisms, several changes have been put in place including legal reforms, establishment of regulatory bodies, provision of practical learning methods to learn trial advocacy in law schools and the adoption of continuous legal education. Bibliography Clark, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Continuing Challenge of Advocacyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1977) 16 Washburn LJ 243, 248 Landsman S, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Rise of the Contentious Spirit: Adversary Procedure in Eighteenth Century Englandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1989-1990) 75 Cornell Law Review 496-609 Langbein J, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Prosecutorial Origins of Defence Counsel in the Eighteenth Century: The Appearance of Solicitorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Faculty Scholarship Series Paper 529 (Yale Law School 314-265, 1999) lt;https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/529gt; Accessed 11 Feb 2015 McCarthy T, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The History of the Teaching of Trial Advocacyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Keynote Speech, Stetson University Colleg e of Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dinner, 16 November 2007) Rogers S, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Ethics of Advocacyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1899) 15 Law Quarterly Review 259-280 Smith T, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Zealous Advocates: The Historical Foundations of the Adversarial Criminal Defence Lawyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [2012] Law, Crime and History 1 Wolfe J, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Exploring Trial Advocacy: Tradition, Education, and Litigationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1980) 16 Tulsa LJ 209 lt;https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr/vol16/iss2/3gt; accessed 11 February 2015 [1] Terence F McCarthy, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The History of the Teaching of Trial Advocacyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Keynote Speech, Stetson University College of Lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dinner, 16 November, 2007) [2] According to them, trial advocacy never existed in the ancient times because it was not formally taught as a branch of knowledge. In fact they refer to the early advocates not formally trained in law as masqueraders who only specialized in rhetoric. [3] Jeffrey Wolfe, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Exploring Trial Advocacy: Tradition, Education, and Litigationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1980) 16 Tulsa LJ 209 lt;https://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tlr/vol16/iss2/3gt; accessed 11 February 2015 [4] A comprehensive account of the pros and cons of the adversarial system is provided in Cristina Arguedas, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Duties of a Criminal Defence Lawyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1996-1997) 30 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 11 lt; https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/llr/vol30/iss1/2gt; accessed 11 Feb 2015 [ 5] John Langbein, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Prosecutorial Origins of Defence Counsel in the Eighteenth Century: The Appearance of Solicitorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Faculty Scholarship Series Paper 529 (Yale Law School 314-265, 1999) lt;https://digitalcommons.law.yale.edu/fss_papers/529gt; Accessed 11 Feb 2015 [6] Stephan Landsman, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Rise of the Contentious Spirit: Adversary Procedure in Eighteenth Century Englandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1989-1990) 75 Cornell Law Review 496-609 [7] Smith T, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Zealous Advocates: The Historical Foundations of the Adversarial Criminal Defence Lawyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [2012] Law, Crime and History 1 [8] Queen v Oà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Connell (1844) 7 Ir.LR 261; Kennedy v Broun (1863) [9] David Hoffman, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Fifty Resolutions in Regard to Professional Deportmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ [1836] lt; https://lonang.com/commentaries/curriculum/professional-deportment/gt; accessed 10 February 2015 [10] This debate is comprehensively discussed in Showell Rogers, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Ethics of Advocacyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1899) 15 Law Quarterly Review 259-280 [11] Clark, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Continuing Challenge of Advocacyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1977) 16 Washburn LJ 243, 248 [12] Tauro, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Graduate Law School Training in Trial Advocacy: A New Solution to an Old Problemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1976) 56 BULR 635, 636. He equated the ridiculously incompetent attorneys to dentists who could aptly identity a cavity but have no hint on how to fix it, hence putting the integrity of the legal profession at stake. [13] The Legal Services Board lt; https://www.legalservicesboard.org.ukgt; Accessed 12 Thursday 2015 [14] The Solicitors Regulation Authority lt;https://www.sra.org.ukgt; Accessed 12 Thursday 2015 [15] Ordover, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Law Firm Training Programme: Avoiding Trial and Errorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1979) 5 Litigation 16, 17

Astonishing Details About Essay Samples of Positive and Negative Effects of Cancer Unveiled

Astonishing Details About Essay Samples of Positive and Negative Effects of Cancer Unveiled In the majority of labs, you will receive the results after 3-5 business days. The organization should have a fantastic ad campaign in order for those stockholders and investors to keep faith in the business and keep the capital rolling in, to create the goods. To put it differently, the reach of greenwashing strategies and company scandals in recent years give rise to reduction of consumer trust to companies that engage in green marketing. Public service advertisements are frequently the very first things considered when folks discuss the positives of advertisements. So How About Essay Samples of Positive and Negative Effects of Cancer? Today it's known that cigarette smoking is the main cause of lung cancer and death in the USA. The analysis also found that sarcosine could possibly be involved with the exact pathways inked to cancer invasiveness making the substance a prospective can cer therapy. Nevertheless, certain trends and habits are proven to raise the chance of afflicted by cancer. Together with that, some believed that personality affected the results of cancer the likelihood an individual with cancer might die. When an individual mentions they have cancer the first thing which springs to mind is they will require chemotherapy. If he receives a negative result of having the breast cancer gene, it does not mean that they are cancer free. An individual is regarded to be at high risk should they have a couple of family members that have had breast or ovarian cancer. Older folks are more inclined to suffer from cancer, though there are particular types of cancer which are more prevalent in children. Chemotherapy is mostly used after an individual undergoes the surgery to help stop the cancer cells from growing and moving to other elements of the human body. Folks often utilize cell phones when on the street. Further, the effect of mood states on the consumer decision procedure seems to be a purpose of the valence of the present mood. Generally, employing the coming of the essay to paint a scene or mood can be quite effective. The body would be discussing the information which you provided in the coming of the essay, in the event you are managing many causes or effects, you can discuss them one by one in distinct paragraphs. So technology causes communication difficulties and wellness troubles and also it lets someone lose their capacity to write properly they use the shorten words as opposed to the complete word. Any organ of the human b ody is an expected target for cancerous cells. It is going to also be helpful to decrease the portions. 1 side effect of consuming fast foods on a normal basis is obesity which might trigger the growth of diabetes. The practice of growing control of PTSD symptoms are sometimes a long and at times tough endeavor. Additionally, it is critical to consider the value of routine health checks. So long as you wish to know your wellbeing status in a simple and effective fashion, you should feel free to perform the test. It's not uncommon to hear that even death might be a side-effect of a prescription drug. Who Else Wants to Learn About Essay Samples of Positive and Negative Effects of Cancer? Lots of people have suggested that patients and household members let out the terrible feelings so they may more fully enjoy the positive facets of the circumstance. Locate the strength and support you should feel the best that you can and possess the very best possible quality of life. Finally, it's essential to concentrate on the achievements of the war on terror, such as prevention of growth of the main terrorist groups on the planet and uniting the nation in the usa. Still, more work is necessary. It's energy-wise and collaborative to minimise the effect of a website on the surrounding atmosphere. It is very important to evaluate causes and effects of greenwashing as a kind of deceptive marketing. The reliance on technology leads to isolation. International warming has been one the important problems in the world these days. In order to talk about the effects it would be important to tackle each sort of pollution and after that talk about the effects of that kind of pollution There are a lot of forms and forms of pollution that influence the surroundings. There are different facets that constitute water pollution for instance spills. Effects of pollution There are a lot of effects that may be credited to pollution. There are a lot of damaging gases like Sulphur dioxide, Carbon Monoxide and Nitrogen Dioxide which are released every single day on earth from several industrial processes.

Ukrainian Language and Culture Free Essays

Every day we use, transmit and sometimes learn both language and culture. We are most likely oblivious to it, but our language is inevitably influenced by the culture we live in – e. . We will write a custom essay sample on Ukrainian Language and Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now the way we are taught to treat people and speak are connected. We are also most likely to have the same traditions and customs as the people speaking the same language. In this essay I will briefly define language and culture and present some examples of the influence on each other from my own Ukrainian culture. What is culture? Found in Oxford Dictionary Online, culture means â€Å"the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group†¦ † The word itself comes from the Latin word cultura – meaning growing, cultivation. Edward Tylor (1871) summarized it the following way: Culture †¦ is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. We practice what we learn throughout life and transmit to our children what we have been taught – the basic behaviour, such as greeting, table manners and dressing but inevitably also traditions, such as birthday and Christmas celebration. Without investigating we know that this type of behaviour was taught and found in many generations before us, and will be long after we die. The culture – the way we do things – is transgenerational – it continues beyond lifetimes (RosmanRubel 2001). Neither does culture stand still – it changes and develops over time (Ferraro, 1998). What is language? Language, or speech, is the primary human communication tool which conveys ideas, transfers messages and makes people interact. Apart from the verbal communication we find the other two – written and non-verbal (body language). Languages are made out of devises like grammar, syntax, phonemes and mordhenics (Ferraro, 1998). Language is also one of the things that differs us from animals (RosmanRubel 2001). Just the same way as we experience and practice culture, we do with language. The dictionary definition of the word is â€Å"1. the method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a structured way 2. †¦ used by a particular country or community† (Oxford Dictionaries Online, 2012). Here it is evident that language is, apart from being a body of words and systems and speech, tightly connected to a specific group of people and consequently a culture. How does language influence culture and vice versa? Based on the information above, we see a very clear pattern – the ways humans speak and behave are connected. Language is the tool through which cultural ideas can be conveyed, transmitted and kept, and â€Å"when a group begins to lose its language, its cultural tapestry begins to unravel† (RosmanRubel, 2001, pp. 41). Som examples of language and culture going hand in hand, can be found in my Ukrainian culture: In addition to your name, you also carry a middle name – a patronymic. According to Oxford Online Dictionary, it is â€Å"a name derived from the name of a father or ancestor, typically by the addition of a prefix or suffix†. For instance, my full name is Anastasia Oleksandrivna Semenova. My fathers name is Oleksandr and being a female, the ending is -ivna. Males’ endings are typically -ov or -ich. Culturally this links the father being highly honored in the typical Ukrainian family – he is the head of the house and the provider. The patronymic is kept for life. This is also essential when addressing to eachother. In everyday life people typically use the first name and the fathers name, if not being family or very close friends, e. g. Anastasia Oleksandrivna. When addressing someone formally, different types of ‘you’ is used – e. . a friend would be addressed as â€Å"ty† () but a teacher, a boss or, in a childs case, everyone that is older would be addressed as â€Å"vy† (). Showing respect this way is a strict rule, but is a habit since it is taught from infancy. Culturally, this links with the politeness taught from a very young age – to respect t he older, non-familiar and higher-educated people than you. Changing the â€Å"vy† to â€Å"ty† is a sign of entering into the friend circle. Conclusion The broad term culture includes behaviour, customs, traditions, cuisine, law and morals of a specific group of people. It is taught, transmitted, transgenerational and changed over time. Language is the primary tool of interaction and communication of man. It is shared by a community or a group of people and is tightly connected to the culture of the group – by language culture is taught and transmitted. The Ukrainian culture values and teaches respect when addressing one another. Two good examples are the use of patronymics as a middle name (links to high position of the father) and a formal and informal ‘you’ (links to respect toward older and unfamiliar people). Bibliographyreferences How to cite Ukrainian Language and Culture, Essays

Why did Europe undergo such a bloody and destructive period from 1914

The period 1914 to 1945 was the bloodiest and most destructive in European history. The period was characterized by wars, confrontations, and rivalry among nations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Europe undergo such a bloody and destructive period from 1914-1945? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This rivalry led to World War I and World War II. Many people lost their lives during this period as nations rose against each other, property worth millions destroyed, and Europe’s hegemony lost (Heyman 32). The once mighty Europe was divided into two influential spheres. There emerged â€Å"Soviet† and Western spheres of influence, each pursuing different ideologies. The period 1914 to 1945 is the bloodiest in the history of Europe since it is the period in which World War I and World War II occurred. World War II alone claimed approximated 22 million military and 40 million civilians, the highest number of casualties ever (Kirk 46). There are many reasons that drove Europe to war and brutal killings. Some of the reasons were misunderstandings among leaders that had lasted for decades, while others were a result of spontaneous reaction to aggression from other nations. Though it is not possible to point a single reason for the aggression witnessed in Europe around 1914 to 1945, the following factors must have contributed greatly to the war. Formation of alliances by the countries played a great role in triggering the bloody war. Tension among European countries had long existed. However, the rise of nationalism and imperialism furthered the tension among states forcing them to seek alliance with states considered friendly for fear of attack. Other countries soon â€Å"joined the race and formed alliances† to further their interests too (Martel 78). Germany first joined Austria-Hungary and were later joined Italy to form the Triple Alliance. Russia soon joined France t o work together and protect each other if attacked. The Triple Entente Alliance was finally formed in 1904 when Britain joined France and Russia. With support from alliance members, the countries were definitely craving for war. It was not long when the war begun pitting the Triple Alliance against the Triple Entente Alliance. Frankly, if the alliances never existed, the war could have been avoided. The tension that existed that eventually led to the European wars was also a result of imperialism. Imperialism pushed countries to colonize other countries and to form political empires that acted as overseas states for raw materials and market for finished products. From the 15th century, European countries had begun colonizing other countries for industrial inputs and markets. However, the main contest came in 1870 when Britain, France, Italy and Germany almost clashed in the scramble for North American territory (Heyman 38). The same problem reoccurred in Africa as the scramble for p artition continued. Many countries were discontent with their possessions while other like British had conquered too much for it to control.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This led to a bad feeling among the nations, which also contributed to the war. Rise of nationalism in the states was another reason for the war. People who spoke the same language, had a common historical origin, and cultural beliefs, viewed each other as family. This â€Å"family† feeling bonded them together and made them support their nation faithfully. Lee states that, â€Å"Leaders, in their bid to unite their people to join war, used nationalism to generate and consolidate their support† (113). Nationalism was particularly popular in Germany, Italy, and Japan. It is worth noting that nationalism in Japan had been widespread as people diligently served their leaders without complaint. However, the German leader Bismarck, in his attempt to unite the Germans used their passion and love for war to his advantage. The rise of dictators to power in many countries in Europe was also another possible cause of the war. The period of 1914-1945 saw the rise of dictators such as Stalin of Russia, Benito Mussolini of Italy, and Adolf Hitler of Germany. These leaders ruled with iron feast and wanted to assert their authority in the entire European region. This made them recruit many soldiers to help in conquering new lands and extending their territories. Eventually, this greed and desire for fame and control brought them to conflict with other European nations. In 1937, Japan invaded and subdued the republic of China, which angered many European nations. In 1939, German’s aggressive behavior eventually brought all European nations against each other when she attacked Poland and Soviet Russia. Officially, the declaration of World War II followed the two aggressive attacks that lead to great destruction of property. Arms race among the nations was also a direct cause of the war that led to the brutal killings in Europe. By 1914, Britain was the largest empire by both size and wealth (Martel 78). The German king of the time, Kaiser William II, was not impressed with Britain’s superiority. He invested heavily in building of warships to rival Britain. This made Britain to build even more ships and to increase her navy to remain superior arms wise. The result was a competition that only increased tension and readiness for war. With such developed weapons, the countries were ready to go to war at the slightest instigation. The attempt to stop the rise of communism by Central and Western European powers also sparked the war. In November 1917, radical Bolsheviks rose to power in Russia. Further, they moved to topple other regimes like Hungary and Bavaria, which they occupied briefly. Seeing the activities of this violent communist group rising and rising, the central and western European countries had to move in to stop them for they feared that the revolutions would move to their countries. The decision was a grave mistake as other militia groups and nations joined the race. The immediate cause of European countries conflict was the assassination of Franz Ferdinand by G. Principe. What followed the assassination was retaliation and war that lasted for years. The assassination easily sparked war since the countries had been in tension for some time. The tension among nations was a time bomb waiting to explode.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Why did Europe undergo such a bloody and destructive period from 1914-1945? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The arms race provided weapons while the colonies provided capital, seriously fueling the war and increasing the number of casualties. The result was a brutal, ruthless and bloody killing of innocent people. In conclusion, it is evident that the civil war that engulfed Europe in the period 1914 to 1945 was surely divesting. The war was especially notable for the political rift it created between nations. Thousands of people, both soldiers and civilians, lost their lives. Despite the effort made after 1945 to unite the European nations, the damage done could not be repaired. For centuries, it will still be bitter memories for the descendants of those who perished in the war. Some of the effects of that war still exist especially in Japan where the United States of America dropped bombs at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Works Cited Heyman, Neil M. World War I. London: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997. Print. Kirk, D. Europe’s Population in the Interwar Years. New York: Taylor Francis, 1969. Print. Lee, Stephen J. European dictatorships, 1918-1945. 2nd. London: Routledge, 2000. Print. Martel, Gordon. A Companion to Europe 1900-1945. 10th. Califonia: John Wiley and Sons, 2010. Print. This essay on Why did Europe undergo such a bloody and destructive period from 1914-1945? was written and submitted by user Vincent T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Romantic Love Is A Pitiful And Shallow Thing

Romantic Love Is A Pitiful And Shallow Thing Do you find it anything less than NORMAL when your best friend goes off and screws some hot chick or dude and leaves you in the dust? What the hell ever happened to platonic love? I personally think that the highest form of love is the kind that develops over years of friendship, not over minutes of staring into someone's "deep blue eyes". Love at first sight is the biggest hunk of bullshit I have ever heard, and I find it disgusting how society condones it so. Everywhere you look- magazines, books, movies- EVERYTHING is focused on love. With a few exceptions (i.e. "Simon Birch"), friendship is hardly dealt with at all, and there is almost always a guy or girl to get in between the friendship. Why do people take such short amounts of time to decide that they like someone? I think that is so fucked-up, especially since I do it myself.Simon Birch

Sing Joy to the World in Spanish

Sing Joy to the World in Spanish For a joyful lift to your holidays, heres a Spanish-language version of Joy to the World, the classic Christmas carol. The hymn was originally written in English by Isaac Watts. A literal translation and translation notes are provided for Spanish students. Regocijad! Jess naci  ¡Regocijad! Jesà ºs nacià ³, del mundo Salvador;y cada corazà ³n tornad a recibir al Rey,a recibir al Rey. Venid a recibir al Rey.  ¡Regocijad! Él reinar; cantemos en unià ³n;y en la tierra y en el mar loor resonar,loor resonar, y gran loor resonar. Ya la maldad vencida es; la tierra paz tendr.La bendicià ³n del Salvador quità ³ la maldicià ³n,quità ³ la maldicià ³n; Jesà ºs quità ³ la maldicià ³n.  ¡Glorias a Dios cantemos hoy! Seà ±or de Israel,la libertad tà º le dars y tà º sers su Dios,y tà º sers su Dios, Seà ±or, y tà º sers su Dios. Translation of Spanish Lyrics Rejoice! Jesus was born, Savior of the world;and each heart turn to receive the King,to receive the King. Come to receive the King. Rejoice! He will reign; let us sing in unison;and in the the land and in the sea praise will echo,praise will echo, and great praise will echo. The evil now is conquered; the earth will have peace.The Saviors blessing removed the curse,removed the curse. Jesus removed the curse. Today we sing glories to God! Lord of Israel,You will give her liberty and You will be her God,and You will be her God, Lord, and You will be her God. Grammar and Vocabulary Notes Regocijad: This is the familiar second-person plural imperative form (the vosotros form) of regocijar, which means to rejoice. It isnt a particularly common verb. In everyday conversation, youre unlikely to hear familiar plural imperative forms of verbs much outside of Spain, as in Latin American the formal you (ustedes) is used even in informal contexts. Nacià ³: This is the third-person plural preterite of nacer, which has no one-word equivalent in English, meaning to be born. Nacer is conjugated the same way as conocer. Del mundo Salvador: In everyday speech or writing, youd be much more likely to say Salvador del mundo for Savior of the world. In music, however, theres considerably more latitude with word order to get the desired rhythm. Tornad: Like regocijad, this is a plural-you command. Tornar typically means to convert or to turn into, and it is used most frequently in a religious context. As you may have noticed, the vosotros imperative form of the verb is made simply by changing the final r of the infinitive to a d. And this is always true - there are no irregular verbs for this form. Al: Al is one of only two contractions in Spanish, shortening a and el. The a here is the personal a, used because the direct object is el Rey, a person. (The other contraction is del, for de and el.) Venid: From the verb venir. Cantemos: From the verb cantar (to sing). This is the first-personal plural imperative form. En unià ³n: Although this phrase could be translated as in union, in unison is used because of the context of choral singing. Loor: This word is rare enough you wont find it in smaller dictionaries. It means praise. Resonar: Resonar means to resound or, more poetically, to echo or to ring. Gran: Gran is an example of apocopation, the shortening or clipping of certain adjectives when they immediately precede a noun. Although some adjectives are shortened only before masculine nouns, the singular grande is shortened whether masculine or feminine. Its meaning also changes from large to great. La maldad vencida es: This is another case of poetic word order. In everyday speech, youd more likely say, La maldad es vencida, evil is overcome. This sentence is in the passive voice, not directly stating what overcomes evil. Bendicià ³n: Blessing (ben- good, -dicià ³n saying, from the verb decir). Quità ³: Past tense of quitar, to remove. Maldicià ³n: Curse (mal- bad) Seà ±or: Although this word is often used as a courtesy title meaning the equivalent of Mr., it can also mean Lord. La libertad tà º le dars: This and the remainder of the song is an example of personification. The pronoun le usually isnt used to refer to things, only to people. But here it refers to Israel, which has been personified. Le is an indirect pronoun; the direct pronoun here is libertad, that which is being given.

'If a business wants to maximise profit, it cannot be concerned with Essay

'If a business wants to maximise profit, it cannot be concerned with corporate social responsibility'. Critically discuss th - Essay Example When a business focuses on maximizing profit, they are ignoring their responsibility towards society. Should a business worry about the importance of CSR or that of maximizing profit (Davis 1960)? The paper discusses the fact that it is a business’ social responsibility to maximize profit by ignoring corporate social responsibility. Argument 1 It is the responsibility of the corporate executive to generate as much profit for the business while complying with the fundamental societal rules. CSR has the policies that ensure a business conforms to these rules. Throughout the decades, the theory of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) continues to develop in significance and importance. It has been the subject of considerable debate, commentary, theory building and research. Regardless of the continuing discussions as to what it means and what it entails, it has enhanced and evolved in both practitioner communities and academic globally (Smith 2003). The notion that the responsib ilities of business enterprises to society go past that of profit making for the shareholders has been here for many years. The phenomenon developed after the WW II and failed to take any direction in terms of significance until the 1960s and afterwards (Friedman 1970). So long as the government keeps the laws, corporations will continue to carry out their practices as the law permits them to maximize profit, so in other words, CSR is not the complete responsibility of corporations, but that of the governments. Edwards Freeman created the theory of the  stakeholder, which deals with a person’s values and morals in organization management (Friedman 1970). The  theory of the stockholder states that stockholders increase resources to corporate managers who operate as agents in developing their interests. The main purpose of any organization is to maximize profit. The problem is whether these organizations should have any responsibilities towards society. The function of a co rporation is vital when attempting to comprehend what builds a ‘good’ corporation (Smith 2003). Since the beginning of debates over CSR, critics and supporters have been expressive about the arguments for and against the notion of CSR. There has been expansive discussion about these arguments. Embedded in the discussions for and against the theory of CSR are points made previously, possibly on a gradual basis, supporting the concept. The argument against CSR concept classically  begins with the economic case expressed by the late Friedman (1970). According to Milton Friedman, the only duty of a business is to ensure maximum profit, and not worry about social responsibility. As a libertarian, he believes there is no need to get in the way of another person’s liberty. Milton supports free market and claims most developed capitalists states are, to some degree, welfares. According to him, the main social responsibility of a business is to ensure maximum profit, as long as it follows the rules of society. In short, a corporation should carry out its operations and take part in free and open competition exclusive of any fraud or deception. It is not right for businesses to have any form of social responsibility because most business owners become so in order to make profits. The issue of CSR also asks the question, who is responsible in ensuring the corporation follows CSR policies? Is it any person with power or the owner? Does an individual, as opposed to workers combined have moral duties (Smith 2003)? These are the type of

Compare and contrast intelligence processes Research Paper

Compare and contrast intelligence processes - Research Paper Example Every organization has its specific role and mode of operation and, therefore, the nature and frequency of intelligence that they may require for the execution of their tasks also vary. Thus, the cycles and processes of intelligence collection among these organizations differ drastically though they may be sharing some similarities. The responsibility of organizations that have the onus of taking care of national security, such as National Security Agency (NSA), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), has increased manifold in the recent days due to the ever evolving nature of security threats from â€Å"terrorist groups as well as hostile nation states† (Best, 2001, p.1). Thus, these organizations have revamped their intelligence collection machinery to obtain necessary information for the maintenance of internal as well as external security. They mostly rely on highly sophisticated electronic surveillance equipment sometimes using aircraf ts for collection of intelligence, such as TechELINT to â€Å"collect, analyze and sometimes and locate† electronic signals from the foreign targets (Bernard, 2009, p.11). On the other hand, law enforcement and homeland security mostly deploy conventional methods for collecting intelligence, mostly using human intelligence sources or less sophisticated electronic devices including human intelligence sources, security cameras and other surveillance equipment. In the present day, the US authorities are rather resorting to a system where all the intelligence disciplines are combined under one window to be utilized by different organizations involved in law enforcement. This is intended to fetch better flow of information among the organizations and will also reduce the consumption of resources apart from ensuring that most reliable information is made available to organizations. Intelligence cycle is the process by which information is disseminated for drawing conclusions about particular evidences in a crime. The main difference between law enforcement intelligence and homeland intelligence is that while the former focuses on criminal aspects, the latter also deals with â€Å"noncriminal domestic threats† including issues of public health and public safety (Carter, 2009, p.14). On the other hand, the concept of national security intelligence covers â€Å"policy intelligence† and â€Å"military intelligence† including identification and observation of hostile elements, weaponry, capabilities of warfare, battle order etc (p.15). Accordingly, the processes and cycles of national security intelligence, law enforcement intelligence and homeland security differ. However, the intelligence collected by all the agencies are similar in the context that such intelligence collection is done for ensuring the safety and welfare of citizens. The main focus of homeland security intelligence is Fire Service Intelligence Enterprise (FSIE) and Public He alth/Medical Intelligence, which are two of the initiatives that are â€Å"moving forward with greater rapidity† after the 9/11 tragedy (p.19). The main difference in the process and cycle of information among various agencies stems from the roles and responsibilities these organizations have in terms of security.

Age Discrimination Against Elderly Workers Social Work Essay

Age Discrimination Against Elderly Workers Social Work Essay In this fact sheet, I will discuss about age discrimination against elderly workers in Singapore and go into how they are treated differently in the society in unemployment and employment state. This is to find out whether the young workers have an unfair advantage over elderly worker with respect to employment and salary prospect. The aspects that lead to the problem of age discrimination will also be covered in this paper. The government stance and public perceptions show on how to tackle the problem. There are many examples of prejudice and inequality in our society and in the world we live in. These prejudices can lead to discrimination and create fractures in society and situations where people are denied access to equal rights enjoyed by others. Discrimination against persons of a certain age group is one of the examples that should be focused on, where age was instanced as the top reason for discrimination with the percentage of 29%. Age Discrimination in Singapore Elderly workers are usually the one neglected and receive an unfair treatment in terms of employment. Employers can discriminate by age across several areas such as wages, promotions, hiring, firing and layoff and force retirement. The reason why I choose this particular community is that there is still strong discrimination against elderly worker. In fact, most of the elderly workers always face some difficulties in finding jobs which disadvantaged them in their social lives. Most job requirements prefer younger workers as they think older workers lack or energy, flexibility, or adaptability compared to younger worker and yet there is no any legal action takes from the government, against employers who discriminate. Moreover, the employers may think that elderly workers are unable to work on the Information Technology or may given the excuses of too slow in working progress and thus, using this as a reason to reject or sack them. The employers are also trying to use the reason of poor work performance although the main reason of firing the elderly worker is age discrimination. Implication of Age Discrimination Aging population is one of the problems that always concern in Singapore. As number of elderly people keeps increasing, the employment and unemployment issues might increase too. Thus, it has always been a sensitive issue when it comes to providing employment to people of different age. If the unemployment issue happens to the elderly people, they will start to feel inferior where they are unable to provide family income and future financial security. Thus, this might become a kind of burden towards their children or the government. The main problem faced by the elderly worker is the health and physical conditions. These are the obstacle that faced by the elderly worker when finding job. Problem faced by employed senior citizens Difficulties faced by senior citizens seeking work From the table above, we are able to know that there is a high percentage of foresee difficulties in job search with the average of 90% in the age of 55 and above. Moreover, there are some reasons that caused them in difficulties in job search which relates to their age, job available too physically and mentally demanding, under-qualified and working distance between home and company. The main reason of difficulties in seeking work is because of their age with the average of 85% in the age of 55 and above. Research Example The speech by Mr. Lim Boon Heng, Minister for Prime Ministers Office said that there was an issue mention about the difficulties in finding job. In spite of that, a common of complaint heard in the society is I want to work, I can work, but no one will hire me once they know my age. Or it will be the case that first to be interviewed the older worker but last to be hired. Inequality in Age Discrimination Elderly workers are more in danger to job loss and longer unemployment spells, although they have lower turnover and unemployment compared with their younger counterparts. This is where inequality occurs to elderly worker in society. In June 2009, the amount of employment in the average age of 40 (255,200) is greater than the age of 55 and above (150,700). This shows that the elderly people have the lower number in employment which disadvantages the elderly people when seeking job. Gross Monthly Income from Work The majority of the elderly who were employed in 2009 drew gross monthly income of less than $1,500 (33.8% for those between 65 and 69 years old and 44.2% for those 70 years old and above) falling into the $500-$900. Compared to the younger worker, the income for elderly worker is rather low. Government Stance and Public Perceptions The government works with NTUC and the Singapore National Employers Federation (SNEF) to set up a tripartite committee to go into discrimination problems, known as Tripartite Alliance for Fair Employment Practices (TAFEP). This committee has created with revised guidelines on non-discriminatory job advertisements and a number of public and private sector employers pledged to comply with the non-discriminatory practices. Beside government stance, employers should avoid age limit or age range in the job notice and making age an integral part of the application process. Training and development is also an important point to prevent discrimination against elderly worker where it encourages all employees to take the training opportunities. This training opportunity allows elderly worker manages to catch up the Information Technology. One of the suggestions to prevent the issue of age discrimination against elderly worker will be created a rule that certain number of elderly worker should employ in the company. This is to avoid the problems of inequality against elderly worker in the society. Thus, the number of employment in a company should be equally for both younger and elderly worker. Re-employment creates a win-win situation for employers and older employees in Singapore. Compare to raising the statutory retirement age, it offers greater flexibility. On the other hand, according to preliminary findings from 2009 survey by Ministry of Manpower, the vast majority of 92% of them were allowed to continue to work beyond the age of 62. 60% who were allowed to continue to work beyond 62 and 30% who were offered re-employment. These finding shows that they still value older worker. As Ralph B. Perry said Age should not have its face lifted, but it should rather teach the world to admire wrinkles as the etchings of experience and the firm line of character. Conclusion In conclusion, job discrimination against elderly worker in Singapore still exists and the government and public perceptions have been trying very hard to solve and prevent the issue of job discrimination against elderly worker. The job discrimination creates inequality in term of age group. This may cause social tension and threaten to Singapore aging population. The finding shows that there is noticeable age discrimination as the employment rate for older worker is not very high. However, there is still a finding that shows the employers do value older worker, this might not be a strong solution and unable to sustain in the future. In order to prevent or solve the problem of discrimination against elderly worker, Singaporeans should follow what the government stance and public perceptions that applied or suggested to the issue, where the solution given might workable in some ways.

Child Psychology Services (Part 2) Essay

Explain why it is important to ensure children and young people are protected from harm within the work setting. It is important to ensure children and young people are protected from harm within the setting, as the parents are leaving their children in your care with the expectation that they can trust you and your colleagues to keep their children from harm. It is difficult for parents to leave their children in an education or care setting and then go to work; they need to be confident that their children will be in safe supportive hands with people that will help them develop. Explain policies and procedures that are in place to protect children and young people and adults who work with them. Any professional working with children or young people is responsible for the care and well being of those children. Making sure that a child is safe on or out of a school setting is of paramount importance. Not only does it make a child or young person feel safe in a learning environment but it also gives the child the security to develop and achieve from an early age. As well as having policies to ensure that only suitable people work in their setting, managers need to promote very clear practices and ways of working to protect both the children and adults work with. Everyone in a setting has a responsibility to work hard to promote the welfare of the children in their care. – Working in an open and transparent way – Open-plan rooms, this ensures that no member of staff is totally alone and out of view with a child. Sharing plans and talking about different ways of working also helps to make sure that staff work in the most appropriate ways. – Listening to children and young people – Whenever possible avoid agreeing to keep something a secret. Always tell  a child if you feel you need to share information, especially if you feel a safeguarding issue is involved. It is important that you record and report any concern you have about a child’s welfare; make sure you know who to go in your setting. – Power and positions of trust – If you are involved in the care of children or young people, you are working in a position of trust. You have authority over the children and parents have placed their trust in you to look after them; this brings responsibilities. People who want to occupy position of trust with children and young people and vulnerable adults have to have enhanced CRB checks. – Propriety and behaviour – Children and young people tend to respect and look up to people in position of trust. You must think carefully about your own behaviour and the example you set to children and young people in your care. – Physical contact – Young children need physical contact; in they have fallen over, a cuddle can help them to recover and get back to playing. However, too much physical contact can be easily misunderstood. Make sure you are familiar with what is acceptable. Taking a child to the toilet, changing a nappy or helping a child change out of soiled clothes are all normal everyday tasks; but never do any of these in a room with the door closed or out of sight of other member of staff. Remembering this protects not only the child but yourself as well. – Photographs and video recordings – Photographing or videoing activities in any setting are great ways to let parents see what their children have been doing. Photos and videos are not available to anyone other than parents and carers; always make sure that parents have given permission for photos to be taken. Evaluate ways in which concerns about poor practice can be reported whilst ensuring that whistleblowers and those whose practice or behaviour is being questioned are protected. At some stage whilst working with children you may be faced with the problem of what to do about someone whose practice is unacceptable. You must not ignore poor practice, no matter who it is being carried out by. (It can be very difficult to report someone you work with, or even your manager) How to whistle blow: – think about exactly what is worrying you and why. – approach your supervisor, manager or safeguarding named person. – tell someone about your concerns as soon as you feel you can. – put your concerns in writing, outlining the background and history, giving names, dates and places where you can. – make sure something happens. Whistle blowing does take courage. There is the risk of being bullied or harassed as a result, but anyone who whistle blows has the right to protection from the person they have raised concerns about. If you suffer as a result of a whistle blowing incident the UK Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 offers legal protection. Explain how practitioners can take steps to protect themselves within their everyday practice in the work setting and on off site visits.   A significant element of a practitioner’s role in protecting themselves would be to read policies and procedures that are put in place to safeguard them and children or young people in their care. In a care setting a professional can protect themselves by: – Avoid being alone in a closed room with a child. – Two members of staff must be present if a child needs to be undressed in the event of an accident. – If a child is collected late by a parent/carer then two staff members must stay until the child is collected. – Always be seen to be working in an open and transparent way where there is either visual access or an open door, especially in one to one situations. – Avoid meetings with children or young people in an isolated or private area of a care setting. It would be unrealistic to recommend that a member of staff should touch children or young people only in emergencies as very few people would agree with that, especially when young children can become so distressed in certain situations and a cuddle or close contact is needed by the child. Physical contact, guides and support are necessary in a range of settings appropriate to the age of the child and the circumstances at that time. Settings should provide a clear guidance about when and how the physical contact should be used in order to protect both staff and children. Effective management of risk should become automatic as you become more experienced. For every activity you plan, you should think about the hazards, the likelihood of the hazard occurring and the control measures. – Risk, the outcome or likely impact of the hazard associated with the activity to be undertaken. – Hazard, something that has the potential to cause harm. – Likelihood, the probability of any harm from the hazard actually happening. – Control measure, any activity or measures put in place to control or minimise identified risks. In the case of educational visits, professionals should always carry out a full risk assessment of that visit, under the Health and Safety at work regulations Act 1999 it requires employers to assess the risks of activities, introduce measures to control these risks and inform employees of these measures. Before a trip can be arranged employers must follow the necessary policies and procedures as follows: – Age, competence, fitness and the standard behaviour of the children and young people. – Any special educational or medical needs of the children. – Adult to children ratio. – The competence and qualifications of the accompanying adults. – Modes of transport and location of visit. – Emergency procedures. – Permission from parents. – Relevant medical or dietary needs of children. Describe the possible signs, symptoms, indicators and behaviours that may cause concern in the context of safeguarding It is important that you are aware of the indications of child abuse. Not every sign means a child is being abused. Sometimes the first signs that you observe are not physical but a change in behaviour. It is important that you record your concerns and monitor any unexplained changes in a child’s behaviour. Sometimes a child may be experiencing more than one type of abuse. Physical abuse Physical abuse is when a child is physically hurt or injured (hitting, kicking, beating with objects, throwing and shaking are all physical abuse, and cause pain, cuts bruising, broken bones and sometimes even death) Signs and symptoms of physical abuse can include: – Unexplained recurrent injuries of burns. – Wearing heavy clothes to cover injuries, even in hot weather. – Refusal to undress. – Bald patches of hair. – Repeated running away from home. – Fear of medical examination. – Aggression towards self and others. – Fear of physical contact, shrinking back if approached or touched. Many signs of physical abuse can be confused with genuine accidental injuries, but they are often not in the places or distributed as you would expect. Sometimes the explanation does not fit the injury, or you may see the outline of a belt buckle or cigarette burn. Suspicion should be aroused if the parents have not sought medical advice soon after the injury occurred. Emotional abuse Emotional abuse occurs when children are not given love, approval or acceptance. They may be constantly criticised, blamed, sworn and shouted at, told that other people are better than they are. Emotional abuse also involves withholding love and affection. It is often linked with neglect Signs and symptoms of emotional abuse can include: – Delayed development. – Sudden speech problems such as stammering. – Low self-esteem. – Fear of any new situations. – Neurotic behaviour. – Extremes of withdrawal or aggression. Neglect Neglect, which can result in failure to thrive, is when parents or others looking after children do not provide them with proper food, warmth, shelter, clothing, care or protection Signs and symptoms of neglect can include: – Constant hunger. – Poor personal hygiene. – Constant tiredness. – Poor state of clothing. – Unusual thinness or lack of normal body weight. – Untreated medical problems. – No social relationships. – Stealing food. – Destructive tendencies. Sexual abuse Sexual abuse is when a child is forced or persuaded into sexual acts or situations by others. Children may be encouraged to look at pornography, be harassed by sexual suggestions or comments, be touched sexually or forced to have sex. Signs and symptoms of sexual abuse can include: – Sexual knowledge of behaviour that is inappropriate to the child’s age. – Medical problems such as chronic itching, pain in the genitals, venereal disease. – Depression, self-mutilation, suicide attempts, running away, overdoses or anorexia. – Personality changes (becoming insecure or clinging). – Regressing to younger behaviour patterns (thumb-sucking, cuddly toys). – Sudden loss of appetite or compulsive eating. – Being isolated or withdrawn. – Inability to concentrate. – Lack of trust or fear of someone they know well, (wanting to be alone with babysitter, child minder). – Starting to wet or soil again, day or night. – Becoming worried about clothing being removed. – Drawing sexually explicit pictures. – Trying to be ‘ultra-good or perfect, overreacting to criticism. Describe the actions to take if a child or young person alleges harm or abuse in line with policies and procedures of own setting. All settings that have contact with children and young people must have clear policies and procedures to follow in all cases of abuse. Staff must have training in these and organisation for dealing with the situation. Disclosure of abuse by a child can occur at any time and it can be a shock to hear details. The way an allegation is received can be very important in the outcome to a child, even many years later. There have been many examples in the past of children not being believed at the time they declared their experience often resulting in serious problems later in life. At my nursery setting if a child was to disclose any information we would get onto the child’s level and ask three questions, we would ask; – What Happened? – Where did it happen? – When did it happen? We would take note of exactly what the child said and take this straight to our safeguarding officer on the premises. Explain the rights that children, young people and their carers have in situations where harm or abuse is suspected or alleged. Children and their parents or carers have important rights even in cases of suspected abuse. Most children feel loyal towards those who care for them even when they have been responsible for the abuse, and have difficulty saying anything against them. In situation where harm or abuse is suspected or alleged, it is important to remember the following guidelines. – Children and young people should receive help so they can express themselves fully, understand what is happening and the decisions that have to be made. – A child or young person has a right not to be subjected to repeated medical examinations or questioning following any allegation of abuse, whether of a physical or sexual nature – Family members normally have the right to know what is being said about them and to contribute to important decisions about their lives and those of their children – Children should be kept fully informed of processes involving them, should be consulted sensitively and decisions about their future should take account of their views.

Abortions An Epidemic Of Botched Abortions - 853 Words

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The Childhood Of The Middle Childhood - 988 Words

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